Singapore is undergoing a transformative journey to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, transitioning from its past as a swampy fishing village to a thriving metropolis. This ambitious goal necessitates a shift to carbon-free energy sources and effective emission capture methods. However, Singapore faces a significant challenge due to its limited land availability for renewable energy infrastructure, prompting discussions about importing renewable energy via long undersea cables, despite the high costs and technical obstacles involved.

The Climate Action Tracker has criticized Singapore’s climate plan as “critically insufficient,” yet the nation is making notable progress in various areas that could serve as models for other small island nations.

Located beneath the luxurious Marina Bay Sands, SP Group operates a large-scale cooling facility that services multiple skyscrapers. This centralized cooling system not only saves space within buildings but also enhances energy efficiency. For instance, connecting a new building to this system resulted in a 40% reduction in energy use. The facility can also store chilled water, which acts as an “ice battery,” reducing electricity consumption during peak daytime hours.

As the cost of solar panels decreases, Singapore is exploring the installation of solar arrays on bodies of water. This innovative approach minimizes evaporation and keeps panels cool, increasing their energy production. A notable project includes a 5-megawatt floating solar farm in the Johor Strait, built using air-filled pontoons that allow waves to pass through without damaging the panels. Although the initial investment was over S$7.5 million, it represents a necessary compromise given Singapore’s land constraints.

Traditionally reliant on Malaysia for water supply, Singapore has reduced this dependency by enhancing its water management strategies, which now include rainwater collection, wastewater recycling, and seawater desalination. Given the high energy consumption of desalination—3.5 kWh of electricity per 1,000 liters—Singapore aims to improve efficiency, targeting a reduction to 2 kWh per 1,000 liters by 2025. A pilot plant has already achieved an impressive 1.65 kWh, indicating significant progress.

As a low-lying island, Singapore faces unique challenges from climate change. The nation is committed to exploring diverse solutions to address these challenges, acknowledging that its decarbonization path must differ from that of other countries. With climate change posing an existential threat, Singapore is determined to lead in innovation and sustainability.